Zeziphi iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo xa ukhetha iMoto yoMnyango ezenzekelayo?

• Ubunzima bocango kunye nohlobo locango kuqinisekisa ukuba injini ingaqala, ime, kwaye ibuyele umva ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Uvavanyo lwebhayisekile kunye nomjikelo womsebenzi kubaluleke ngaphezu kwamandla aqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokungena ezinabantu abaninzi.
• Ukuhambelana nezinzwa, ulawulo lokufikelela, kunye nokukhululwa kwimeko engxamisekileyo kubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni kwihlabathi lokwenyani.
• Iiprojekthi zokutshintsha kufuneka zibeke phambili ukuhambelana kwemodeli, ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga, kunye noyilo lweengcingo.
• Kwizinto ezifakelwe iingcango zeglasi, intshukumo engenangxolo ingako, ukufakelwa okuncinci, kunye namandla okuvala azinzileyo zidla ngokuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

Injini yomnyango ezenzekelayo efanelekileyo yileyo ihambelana nomthwalo womnyango, ipateni yendlela, kunye nendawo yokulawula, kungekhona nje leyo inomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla. Kwiindawo zokungena zesakhiwo, iinkqubo zokufikelela ngokuzenzekelayo kufuneka zihambelane nolindelo lokufikeleleka kunye nokhuseleko; umzekelo,Ibhodi yokufikelela yase-US i-ADA isikhokelo somnyangoigxininisa amandla okuvula asebenzisekayo kunye nendawo ecacileyo yokuqhuba, ngelixaIsikhokelo se-ADA malunga nezixhobo zomnyangoiqinisa indlela ukhetho lwezixhobo oluchaphazela ngayo ukusetyenziswa lula. Kumaqela obunjineli, umbuzo ophambili kukuba ingaba injini inokuyihambisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ucango kakuhle ngesantya esifunekayo, ngesiqhelo kumgama we-0.1 ukuya kwi-0.7 m/s kubaqhubi bezorhwebo ngokweenkcazo zodidi lomenzi, ngelixa igcina ukhuseleko, ulawulo lwengxolo, kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide.

Oko kwenziwa yimoto yomnyango ozenzekelayo ngokwenene kumnyango worhwebo

Imoto yomnyango ezenzekelayo yiyunithi yokuqhuba eguqula inkqubo yomnyango ukusuka kwindawo evulekileyo ukuya kwindawo elawulwayo yokuhamba. Kwindibano epheleleyo yokungena, imoto isebenza nomlawuli, izinzwa, iitrekhi okanye iihinge, kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko ukuvula, ukubamba, ukuvala, kunye nokubuyisela umva xa kuyimfuneko.

Loo mahluko ubalulekile kuba abathengi badla ngokufuna injini yomnyango ezenzekelayo xa beyifuna ngokwenene umqhubi womnyango opheleleyo, ingakumbi ekudityanisweni kweprojekthi. Ukutshintshwa kwenjini kuphela kunokusombulula ukusilela koomatshini, kodwa iphakheji yomqhubi idla ngokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo xa indawo ifuna intshukumo edibeneyo, ukuhlanganiswa kolawulo lokufikelela, kunye nejometri yokufakelwa rhoqo.

Kwindawo yokungena ethengiswa kakhulu, ixabiso elisebenzayo alikokuhamba nje kuphela. Kukukwazi ukugcina umjikelo wokuvula ozinzileyo phantsi kokusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo, ukunciphisa ingxolo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, kunye nokusebenzisana nezixhobo zokubona kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ukufikelela ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Kwizinto zokuthenga ubunjineli, oko kuthetha ukuba iseti yokwenyani yeenkcukacha kufuneka iquke umthwalo woomatshini, unyamezelo lomjikelo, iindlela zokulawula, kunye nemida yokusingqongileyo, kungekuphela nje i-voltage kunye ne-wattage.

Iimpawu eziphambili zemoto yomnyango ozenzekelayo ebaluleke kakhulu

Umthamo womthwalo wocango yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneka ijongwe kuba igqiba ekubeni injini ingalihambisa ngokukhuselekileyo igqabi ngaphandle kokutshisa kakhulu okanye ukucima. Ucango olunzima olulindelekileyo, kuquka iglazing, ifreyimu, izixhobo, kunye nemiphumo yomthwalo womoya, kufuneka lusetyenziswe ekukhetheni, kungekhona ubunzima obuqhelekileyo kumzobo.

Isantya sokuvula sesona sizathu sibalulekileyo kuba sichaphazela amava omsebenzisi, ukufikeleleka, kunye nokufikelela kwezithuthi. Iingcango zorhwebo ezizenzekelayo zihlala zisebenza kuluhlu lwesantya olulawulwayo endaweni yesantya esiphezulu esimiselweyo, ngoko ke injongo kukuhamba kakuhle ngaphandle kokukhawulezisa okanye ukuchasana okuqatha ekupheleni kohambo.

Ubomi bomjikelo kunye nomjikelo womsebenzi zihlala zibaluleke ngakumbi kunamandla alinganisiweyo kwiindawo zokungena ezixakekileyo. Injini enokuthi ishukumise ucango olunzima kube kanye inokungasebenzi kakuhle kwangethuba ukuba ayenzelwanga imijikelo ephindaphindwayo, ukusasazwa kobushushu, kunye notshintsho lomthwalo oluqhubekayo.

Inqanaba lengxolo likwayinto ebalulekileyo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo kwiiofisi, kwiikliniki nakwiindawo zokuhlala zeehotele. Kwezo ndawo, ukukhupha isandi esiphantsi kuphucula umgangatho obonwayo nokuba iinkcukacha zoomatshini zifana.

Okokugqibela, ukuhambelana kolawulo kumisela ukuba imoto ingasebenza na ngeenzwa zokuhamba, iipleyiti zokutyhala, iikeypad, izifundi zamakhadi, okanye iimodyuli ezikude. Ufakelo oluthembekileyo lolo apho imoto, umlawuli, kunye nezixhobo zasentsimini zenzelwe ukunxibelelana ngokucocekileyo kwasekuqaleni.

Iikhrayitheriya zomenzi weemoto zomnyango ngokuzenzekelayo zokukhetha umgangatho weprojekthi

Umenzi weemoto zomnyango ozenzekelayo ongcono kakhulu ngulowo unokubhala ukuhambelana, ukufumaneka kwezixhobo, kunye nokucaca kokufakwa kwazo, kungekuphela nje kohlobo lwemveliso. Kubathengi beprojekthi, umgangatho wamaxwebhu yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuvuthweni kobunjineli.

Enyanisweni, umthengisi onamandla kufuneka anike iitshathi zomthwalo, imizobo yokufakela, i-wiring logic, ukuhambelana kwezixhobo, kunye neereferensi zenxalenye yokutshintsha. Ezo maxwebhu zinciphisa ixesha lokufaka kwaye zinciphisa amathuba okuba izixhobo zingahambelani kwindawo.

Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu, ukubizwa kwemveliso ngendlela eqhelekileyo kubalulekile kuba kukhawulezisa ukuchongwa kwemodeli ngexesha lokuthengwa nokugcinwa kwayo. Oko kubaluleke kakhulu xa indawo efanayo ixubana.iinkqubo zomnyango otyibilikayo ngokuzenzekelayo, iinkqubo zomnyango wokujika ngokuzenzekelayokunye neekiti zokulungisa izinto.

Ngokwesikhokelo sokufikeleleka esivela kwi-US Access Board, ukusebenziseka komnyango akuyongxaki nje kuphela; kuchaphazela nokuba isakhiwo singangenwa ngokukhululeka ngabasebenzisi abaninzi. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, amaxwebhu omenzi kufuneka achaze amandla okuvula, ukubuyiselwa kokhuseleko, kunye nendlela yokusebenza kaxakeka ngokweemeko ezisebenzayo.

Ukutshintshwa kwemoto yomnyango ngokuzenzekelayo: into omawuyifanise ngaphambi kokuba u-odole

Impumelelo yokutshintshwa ixhomekeke ekuhambelaneni ngaphezu kokuqhelana nophawu. Xa iyunithi engasebenziyo itshintshwa, eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo kukufanisa uhlobo locango, ipateni yokuyifaka, i-voltage yokuhambisa, i-control logic, kunye neendawo zokudibanisa izixhobo ngaphambi kokukhetha i-motor entsha.

Uvavanyo lokuqala luhambelana noomatshini. Isithuba semingxuma, ubude bereli, ijiyometri yengalo, kunye noqwalaselo lomngxuma ophumayo kufuneka zihambelane nofakelo olukhoyo, okanye ixesha lokutshintshwa kunye neendleko zonyuke ngokukhawuleza.

Uvavanyo lwesibini yindlela esebenza ngayo ngombane. Ukuba umqhubi wokuqala usebenzisa indlela ethile yokucinga, ixesha lokutshixa, okanye ulandelelwano oluvulekileyo noluvalayo, injini entsha okanye umlawuli kufuneka axhase ukuhamba komqondiso okufanayo.

Uvavanyo lwesithathu kukuqhubeka kwenkonzo. Ukuba imodeli endala inenkxaso encinci yezixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga, ukuyitshintsha ngeyunithi esemgangathweni kunokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi ngexesha lokungena.

Kwiiprojekthi zokulungisa izinto, ingakumbi ukuzisebenzela kweglasi ngocango, isigqibo sokutshintsha kufuneka siqwalasele ukungcangcazela, ubuhle, kunye nendawo yentloko ekhoyo. Kwiivenkile ezincinci, umqhubi ongaphantsi kweprofayili unokuba luncedo ngakumbi kuneyunithi enkulu, enamandla aphezulu ekunzima ukuyifihla nokuyilungisa.

1. Bhala phantsi inombolo yemodeli ekhoyo kunye nazo zonke iinombolo zenxalenye yesixhobo.
2. Linganisa ububanzi bomnyango, ubunzima bamagqabi, kunye nendawo yokubeka evulekileyo.
3. Qinisekisa umbane okhoyo, indlela yokufakelwa kweentambo, kunye nengqiqo yokufaka ulawulo.
4. Jonga ukuba ingaba isayithi isebenzisa izinzwa, izifundi zamakhadi, okanye iirelay zokutshixa.
5. Qinisekisa ukuba kukho iindawo ezingasetyenziswayo ngaphambi kokuba uvume ukutshintshwa.

Umahluko phakathi kwemoto yomnyango otyibilikayo kunye nomnyango otyibilikayo ozenzekelayo

Iinkqubo zokutyibilika nokujika zisombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zendawo kunye neendlela zokuhamba, ngoko ke akufuneki zikhethwe kusetyenziswa izinto ezifanayo. Iingcango zokutyibilika zihlala zilungile kwiingcango ezibanzi kunye neendlela ezihamba rhoqo, ngelixa iinkqubo zokujika zihlala zingcono xa indawo ecaleni incinci okanye xa uyilo olukhoyo sele lusebenzisa amagqabi axhonyiweyo.

Abaqhubi be-sliding bahambisa igqabi ngendlela ekhokelayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba lifaneleke kakuhle kwiingcango zorhwebo ezinobubanzi obukhulu bokuvula kunye nokuhamba rhoqo kweendlela ezimbini. Abaqhubi be-swing bajikeleza igqabi bejikeleze ii-hinges, nto leyo enokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo kwiiofisi, kwiikliniki, nakwiindlela zangaphakathi apho ucango kufuneka luhambelane nonyawo oluqinileyo.

Ngoko ke ukhetho lwemoto kufuneka lulandele intshukumo yocango, kungekhona ubuhle obufunekayo bodwa. Imoto enamandla kwijiyometri yocango engalunganga isenokwenza umsebenzi ombi, ukuguguleka okuphezulu, okanye amava omsebenzisi angathandekiyo.

Ukuzeisivuli-cango esizenzekelayoIprojekthi, umbuzo kwinqanaba lenkqubo kukuba indlela yokungena iza kuziphatha njani xa kukho izithuthi ezininzi, ngexesha lokuphuma ngokukhawuleza, nasemva kweminyaka eliqela yokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla.

Idatha yokusebenza kunye nemigangatho ekuncedayo ukuba ugwebe umgangatho wokwenyani

Imigangatho ixabisekile kuba iguqula amabango okuthengisa abe ziimfuno ezinokuvavanywa. Kwiindawo zokungena, iireferensi ezifanelekileyo zihlala zikhuselekile, zisebenziseka lula, kwaye zihambelana nomlinganiselo othile endaweni yamandla emoto kuphela.

II-ISO 13849-1: 2015I-framework isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zolawulo ezinxulumene nokhuseleko, inceda iinjineli ukuba zicinge ngendlela ii-sensors kunye nabalawuli abafanele banciphise ngayo umngcipheko wokuhamba komatshini. Ukufakela iingcango, oko kubalulekile kuba ukungena okuzenzekelayo okukhuselekileyo yinkqubo elawulwayo, hayi injini ezimeleyo.

II-ISO 21542:2021umgangatho wokufikelela uluncedo xa iingcango kufuneka zixhase ukufikelela okuquka wonke umntu kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke. Inceda abenzi bezigqibo ukuba bahlole ukuba uyilo lokungena luyayixhasa na indlela yokusebenza, ingakumbi kwiindawo zempilo nakwiiofisi.

Ngokwembono yokuqinisekiswa kwesakhiwo kunye nentsimi,IZiko leSizwe leMigangatho kunye neTekhnolojiihlala iyindawo ethembekileyo yokubhekisa kubuchule bokulinganisa, ukucinga ngokulinganisa, kunye noqeqesho lovavanyo. Nokuba i-NIST ayichazi ucango ngokwalo, inkcubeko yayo yokulinganisa iluncedo ekunikeni amaqela amandla okujonga ulungelelwaniso, amandla, kunye nokuphindaphinda.

Kumaqela eprojekthi, into elula ukuyiqwalasela: ukhetho lweemoto kufuneka lujongwe ngokwemigangatho elinganiswayo efana nokuhamba kakuhle, indlela esebenza ngayo, kunye nokuthembeka komjikelo, emva koko kuqinisekiswe ngexesha lokufakwa ngovavanyo oluphindaphindwayo lwasentsimini.

Indlela iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwee-arhente ezitshintsha ngayo izinto eziza kuqala

Injini efanayo inokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo kwenye indawo kwaye ingabi njalo kwenye kuba iprofayili yendlela itshintsha indlela yokungasebenzi. Indawo yokungena eofisini ezolileyo kunye nomnyango wesibhedlele oxakekileyo aziyicinezeli inkqubo ngendlela efanayo.

Kwizibhedlele nakwiikliniki, ukuthembeka kunye namazinga aphantsi okuphazamiseka kwengxaki abaluleke ngaphezu kwesantya sokuvula esinzima. Izigulane, abasebenzi, kunye nokuhambahamba kunceda abasebenzisi ukuba bafune ukusebenza okuqikelelweyo nokutyibilikayo, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba injini kufuneka ikhethwe ukuze isebenze ngokuzinzileyo kunokuba isebenze ngokugqithisileyo.

Kwiindawo zokuthengisa nakwiindawo zokuthenga, ukuziphatha ngokukhawuleza komjikelo kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kuba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi kuba ucango lunokusebenza rhoqo ngexesha leeyure zomsebenzi. Inkqubo enokulawula imijikelo rhoqo ngaphandle kokugqithisa kakhulu idla ngokuba lixabiso elingcono lexesha elide nokuba ixabiso elingaphambili liphezulu.

Kwizakhiwo zeeofisi, ingqwalasela idla ngokutshintshela kwinkangeleko, ukuhlanganiswa kolawulo lokufikelela, kunye nokuhamba kweendwendwe. Injini kufuneka isebenzisane nabafundi bamakhadi, ii-interlocks, kunye nemisebenzi yokwamkela ngaphandle kokudala ukulibaziseka.

Olu mahluko kwisiza yingakho inkqubo yokukhetha elungileyo iqala ngohlalutyo lweemeko zokusetyenziswa, hayi ukukhangela imveliso.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zokukhetha iimoto zomnyango ozenzekelayo

Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo kukunciphisa ubungakanani benjini yomthwalo wokwenene wocango. Ucango olubonakala lukhaphukhaphu ephepheni lunokuba nzima kakhulu xa iglasi, izixhobo, izitywini zemozulu, kunye nokungqubana okuphindaphindiweyo kufakiwe.

Impazamo yesibini kukungawunaki umjikelo womsebenzi. Injini esebenza kakuhle kwindawo enabantu abancinci isenokutshisa kakhulu okanye iguge ngaphambi kwexesha kwindawo exakekileyo.

Impazamo yesithathu kukuthenga umbane kuphela kunye nokungawunaki umgaqo wolawulo. Ngaphandle kwee-sensors ezihambelanayo, ixesha lokutshixa, kunye nokuziphatha kokubuyisela umva ukhuseleko, kwanemoto esebenza kakuhle inokuziva ingathembekanga xa isetyenziswa.

Impazamo yesine kukuthatha ukutshintshwa njengokutshintshana komntu omnye nomnye ngaphandle kokujonga ukufakelwa okukhoyo. Ukuhambisa intambo, indawo yentloko, kunye nokufumaneka kwenxalenye zonke zinokuchaphazela ixesha lokungasebenzi.

1. Musa ukukhetha kwi-wattage yodwa.
2. Musa ukuyityeshela i-geometry yomnyango kunye ne-hinge okanye imida yendlela.
3. Musa ukulibala ukhuseleko kunye nokuhambelana kokufikelela nokulawula.
4. Musa ukulibazisa ucwangciso lwezixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga xa kusenziwa iiprojekthi zokutshintsha.

Uluhlu lokukhetha olusebenzayo lweenjineli kunye nabathengi

Uluhlu lokuhlola olucwangcisiweyo yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuphepha ukungatshati kakuhle. Lugcina ingxoxo igxile emnyango, kwisakhiwo, nakwindlela yokusebenza yemihla ngemihla.

Qala ngendawo enzima yokumisela ucango, uze uchaze inqanaba lendlela ohamba ngayo, indawo yokufakela, umbane, kunye nokudibanisa ulawulo. Emva koko, thelekisa ukhetho lweemoto ngokunyamezela umjikelo, indlela esebenza ngayo ingxolo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukuba iprojekthi ifanelekile, qinisekisa ukuba i-header ekhoyo ingayamkela na indlela entsha yokubeka idrayivu. Ukuba iprojekthi yakhiwe ngokutsha, nxibelelanisa umqhubi nomyili wezakhiwo kunye neqela lolawulo lokufikelela ngaphambi kokuba uthenge.

• Qinisekisa uhlobo locango: ucango lweglasi olutyibilikayo, olujijekileyo, okanye olufakelweyo.
• Linganisa ubunzima bomnyango, ububanzi, kunye nendawo evulekileyo ekhoyo.
• Chaza ulindelo lwendlela efikelelekayo ngeyure kunye nomjikelo wemihla ngemihla.
• Qinisekisa ukufakelwa kwamandla, i-controller logic, kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko.
• Jonga indlela yokufikelela ekutshintsheni kunye nenkxaso yezixhobo ezisele.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga neenkcukacha zeemoto zomnyango ezizenzekelayo

Yeyiphi eyona nto ibalulekileyo xa ukhetha i-motor yomnyango ozenzekelayo?

Ubunzima bocango kunye nohlobo locango zezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zokuqala kuba zigqiba ekubeni injini ingayihambisa na igqabi ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani.

Ndingazi njani ukuba ndifuna ukutshintshwa kwemoto yomnyango ozenzekelayo?

Ukuma rhoqo, isantya sokuvula esingaguqukiyo, ingxolo engaqhelekanga, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, okanye impendulo ye-sensor engathembekanga zizinto ezidla ngokubangela ukutshintshwa, ingakumbi xa iindawo zokulungisa zinqongophele.

Ngaba injini enamandla aphezulu ihlala ingcono?

Hayi. Amandla aphezulu awaqinisekisi ukusebenza ngcono ukuba umlawuli, ijiyometri yomnyango, okanye umjikelo womsebenzi awuhambelani nendawo.

Yintoni endifanele ndiyijonge phambi kokuba nditshintshe injini kwinkqubo yomnyango weglasi?

Jonga indawo yentloko, ipateni yokuxhoma, iingcingo, ingqiqo yolawulo, kunye nokufumaneka kwezincedisi ezifanayo ngaphambi kokuba uvume ukutshintshwa.

Ubuninzi beendlela ezihanjwa ngabantu buchaphazela njani ukhetho?

Ukuxinana okuninzi kwandisa uxinzelelo lobushushu kunye nolwemishini, ngoko ke ubomi bomjikelo, umjikelo womsebenzi, kunye nokuziphatha kokupholisa kuba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi kuneendawo ezingasetyenziswa kakhulu.

Ngaba amaxwebhu omenzi weemoto zomnyango ozenzekelayo abalulekile?

Ewe. Amaxwebhu alungileyo anciphisa umngcipheko wokufakwa, anciphisa ixesha lokufakwa, kwaye enza ukugcinwa kwezixhobo kube lula kwixesha elizayo.

Ngaba injini enye ingasebenza kwiingcango ezityibilikayo nezijikayo?

Ngokwesiqhelo ayifani ngqo, kuba indlela yokuhamba, uyilo lwehardware, kunye nendlela yokuthwala umthwalo yahlukile kuhlobo ngalunye locango.