Kutheni Uninzi lweeYunithi zoLawulo lweeNcango eziZenzekelayo Zingaphumeleli kwiiPateni zeTrafikhi zeHlabathi lokwenyani

Ukuba wakha wabukela ucango olutyibilikayo oluzenzekelayo lutshixiza, luthandabuza, okanye luvaleka ngamandla amaninzi kwindawo yokusebenzela exakekileyo, ubone iyunithi yokulawula eyenzelwe iimeko ezifanelekileyo—hayi ukusetyenziswa kwangempela. Ndikubone oku kusenzeka amaxesha amaninzi ngexesha lomsebenzi wam wokuqala kushishino locango, kwaye kwandenza ndaphambana.Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwabalawuli beengcango abakwinqanaba lokuqala baxhomekeke kwi-fixed timer logic, abanakuziqhelanisa notshintsho lwendlela oluhamba ngayo kwihlabathi lokwenyani.Ngenxa yoko, azinawo amava omsebenzisi aphantsi kwaye zikhawuleza ukuguguleka koomatshini.

Xa ndandingena kwishishini leengcango ezizenzekelayo ngo-2014, uyilo lolawulo olwalukho lwalulula: i-timer emiselweyo yokuvula ucango lwemizuzwana eyi-X, eqaliswa sisiva-ntshukumo. Yayisebenza ngokwaneleyo kwiimeko ezingabizi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo apho abantu abaninzi bathenga khona—kwiindawo zokuthenga ezinkulu, kwiindlela zesibhedlele, kwiindawo zokubeka izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya—imodeli ye-logic esisigxina yayisoloko ingaphumeleli. Iingcango zazihlala zivuliwe ixesha elide kakhulu ngexesha elingekho ngxamiseko (zichitha amandla e-HVAC) okanye zivale ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngexesha lokuxakeka (zibangela iziganeko zokhuseleko).

Isisombululo sifike neeyunithi zolawulo ezicwangciswe yi-microprocessor. Ngokungafaniyo nezangaphambili ezisekelwe kwixesha, aba balawuli bakrelekrele bahlala bevavanya idatha yesenzi, behlalutya iipatheni zethrafikhi, kwayeukulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ii-motor torque curves, ii-acceleration ramps, kunye nemigama yokubhulekangokusekelwe kumava aqokelelweyo. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ifunda kwimbali yayo yokusebenza, ufakelo ngalunye luya luhlengahlengiswa ngcono ngokwendawo olukuyo.

Uyilo lweNkqubo yoMnyango oLawulwa yiMicroprocessor

Inkqubo yanamhlanje yolawulo locango oluzenzekelayo olusekelwe kwi-microprocessor luquka iileya ezine ezidibeneyo: umaleko wesenzi, umaleko weyunithi yokulawula, umaleko we-elektroniki wamandla, kunye nomaleko wokusebenza koomatshini. Ukuqonda indlela ezi leya ezisebenzisana ngayo kubalulekile kuye nabani na ochaza, afake, okanye agcine iinkqubo zocango oluzenzekelayo lwezorhwebo.

Ileya yeSensor: Ukufunyanwa kwedatha yendalo ngexesha langempela

Umaleko wesenzi uquka izixhobo zokubona intshukumo ze-infrared ezisebenzayo, izixhobo zokhuseleko ze-threshold (ii-footprint mats okanye ii-laser arrays), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iiyunithi ze-microwave radar zokufakelwa ngaphandle. Ezi sensors zondla idatha ye-binary okanye ye-analog eqhubekayo kwi-microprocessor ngamanani eesampuli aqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-10 Hz kunye ne-50 Hz.Ngenxa yokuba i-microprocessor inokucubungula imijelo emininzi ye-sensor ngaxeshanye, inokwahlula phakathi komntu osondela ecaleni kunye nomntu ohamba ngqo esiya emngciphekweni.Olu buchule bokucalula bususa izinto ezibangela iingxaki ezingezizo ezichaphazela iinkqubo ezilula ezisekelwe kwixesha.

Umaleko weYunithi yoLawulo: Iingqondo zeNkqubo

Iyunithi yolawulo yakhiwe nge-microcontroller okanye i-microprocessor—ngesiqhelo i-ARM Cortex core ye-16-bit okanye ye-32-bit esebenza ngesantya sewotshi phakathi kwe-48 MHz kunye ne-200 MHz. Kulapho kwenzeka khona umlingo wokuzifundela. I-firmware isebenzisa umatshini we-finite state (FSM) olawula iimeko zomnyango:Ingasebenzi, Iyavuselela, Ukuvula, Ukubamba Kuvuliwe, UkuvalakunyeImpazamoUtshintsho phakathi kweemeko alulawulwa kuphela zizinto ezifakwa kwi-sensor, kodwa zilawulwa ziiparameter eziguquguqukayo ezifundwe yinkqubo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-72 zokusebenza, iyunithi yolawulo isebenza "kwimo yokufunda," apho yakha iprofayili yendlela esisiseko ngokurekhoda imvamisa yokusebenza komnyango, ixesha eliphakathi lokuwela, kunye nesantya sokudibana nemiqobo.Ngenxa yokuba i-algorithm yokuzifundela ngokwayo ilinganisa idatha yakutshanje kakhulu kunedatha yembali (umndilili ohambayo olinganiselweyo), inkqubo iphendula ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho lwethrafikhi yexesha lonyaka.—njengokwanda komthamo wabahambi ngeenyawo ngexesha lokuthenga ngeeholide okanye ukwehla ngexesha leeholide zaseyunivesithi.

Umaleko we-Power Electronics: Ukuqhuba i-24V Brushless DC Motor

Umaleko we-elektroniki ombane uguqula i-AC ephambili (110V/220V) ibe yi-24V DC elawulwayo kwaye uqhuba i-motor yomnyango we-DC (BLDC) engenamaqhosha amathathu ngebhulorho ye-inverter enamaqhosha amathathu. Ndifanele ndigxininise ukubaUkukhetha iteknoloji yemoto ye-24V BLDC akuxhomekekanga kwisigqibo—imisela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwenkqubo, indlela esebenza ngayo ubushushu, kunye nobude bexesha loomatshini.Xa kuthelekiswa neemoto zemveli ezixutywe nge-AC, iimoto ze-BLDC ziyayisusa ilahleko yokungqubana kwebrashi ye-commutator, nto leyo yodwa enegalelo ekuphuculweni kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-15-20%.

Kuluhlu lwethu lwe-YF150 automatic sliding door operator series, sichaza ii-24V BLDC motors ezinee-sensors ze-Hall-effect position ezidityanisiweyo. Iyunithi yolawulo isebenzisa i-space-vector PWM modulation ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-torque okugudileyo kulo lonke uluhlu lwesantya. Isiphumo kukuba intshukumo yephaneli yomnyango ivakala njengeyendalo kubasebenzisi—ukukhawulezisa okuthambileyo ekuqaleni, isigaba sokuhamba ngomkhumbi esilawulwayo, kunye nokuthomalalisa kancinci ngaphambi kokuba i-latch yokugqibela ivalwe.Ngenxa yokuba i-microprocessor ihlala ijonga impendulo ye-back-EMF evela kwi-motor, ibona ukungalingani komthwalo woomatshini (njengomzila wocango ogobileyo okanye ukungqubana okugqithisileyo kwehinge) kwaye ihlawulela ngokuzenzekelayo ngokunyusa amandla okukhupha i-torque.

Umaleko wokusebenza koomatshini: Ukusuka ekujikelezeni ukuya ekushukumeni okuhamba ngemigca

Umaleko wokusebenza koomatshini uguqula i-output yokujikeleza kwemoto ibe yintshukumo yephaneli yomnyango ethe tyaba ngokusebenzisa ii-belt drives, ii-gear reducers, okanye iinkqubo ze-chain. Kwiingcango zokutyibilika zorhwebo, ii-toothed belt drives zezona sisombululo sixhaphakileyo kuba zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa (ngesiqhelo yi-90-95%), ingxolo ephantsi, kunye nokusebenza ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwiminyaka eyi-8-10 phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa. Iyunithi yolawulo ijonga indawo yocango nge-magnetic encoder strip efakwe ecaleni kwendlela, inika impendulo yendawo evaliweyo kwi-microprocessor.

Imisebenzi Yokufunda Ngokwakho: Indlela I-Adaptive Logic Esebenza Ngayo Ngokwenene

Igama elithi "ukuzifundela" lisetyenziswa kancinci kwintengiso yomnyango ezenzekelayo. Makhe ndichaze ngqo ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-adaptive logic ngokwembono yobunjineli, kwaye kutheni idala uphuculo olulinganisekayo lokusebenza kwiindawo zokufakelwa zokwenyani.

Uhlalutyo lwePatheni yeTrafikhi kunye noLungiso lweeParamitha

I-firmware yokuzifundela kwi-microprocessor door controller esemgangathweni igcina i-rolling data window yemijikelo yamva nje ye-10,000 yomnyango (okanye iintsuku ezingama-30 zokusebenza, nokuba yeyiphi na eza kuqala). Kule seti yedatha, inkqubo ifumana iiparameter ezintathu eziphambili zokuziqhelanisa:

• Ixesha lokuvula:Ubude bomnyango obuhlala buvuliwe ngokupheleleyo emva kokuba umntu ohamba ngeenyawo evule umphetho. Inkqubo esisiseko iyibeka le nto kwimizuzwana emi-3-5 emiselweyo. Inkqubo yokuzifundela ngokwayo ilungisa oku ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kwidatha yexesha lokuwela.Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ifundile ukuba ithrafikhi ngexesha lexesha elixakekileyo ivelisa amaxesha okuwela ngaphezulu kwama-40% ngaphezulu kunexesha elingekho phezulu, yandisa ngokuzenzekelayo ixesha lokubamba ngexesha elixakekileyo.—ukunciphisa amava adimazayo okubanjwa lucango oluvalayo.
• Iindlela zokukhawulezisa kunye nokuthomalalisa umbane:Ezi parameters zilawula indlela injini ekhawuleza ngayo ngamandla kwaye inciphisa isantya sephaneli yomnyango. Kwimozulu ebandayo, izinto zoomatshini ziyancipha kancinci, nto leyo enyusa ukungqubana kwendlela. Isilawuli esizifundelayo sibona ukwanda komthamo wemoto ngexesha lokuqala okubandayo kwaye sithambise kancinci i-acceleration ramp kwimijikelo yokuqala emi-5 ukuya kweli-10, sithintele uxinzelelo loomatshini ngaphandle kokufuna ukungenelela ngesandla.
• Uvakalelo lokuchongwa kwemiqobo:Umlinganiselo wesenzi sokhuseleko uyaguquguquka. Kwiindawo ezinothuli oluninzi (iindawo zokwakha, iindawo zokuhlaziya), iisenzi ze-infrared zinokuvelisa imiqondiso yokuthintela engeyonyani. I-algorithm yokuzifundela ngokwayo iyaqonda ukuba ukufundwa kwesenzi ngexesha leemeko ezinothuli kubonisa amaxabiso aphezulu esiseko, kwaye ilungisa umda wokufumanisa phezulu ukuthintela ukuvulwa kwakhona kweengxaki ngelixa igcina iimpendulo zokhuseleko zokwenyani.

Izaziso Zokuzixilonga Nokuzilungiselela Uqikelelo

Ngaphaya kweeparamitha ezilungelelanisa ithrafikhi, abalawuli beengcango ze-microprocessor zanamhlanje basebenzisa iindlela zokuzixilonga ezisebenza ngexesha ngalinye lomjikelo womnyango. Inkqubo ijonga ukutsalwa kwamandla emoto, ukuchaneka kwendawo ye-encoder, kunye nokuhambelana kwexesha lomjikelo.Ukuba amandla emoto adlula isiseko ngaphezulu kwama-20% ngaphezulu kwemijikelo engama-50 elandelelanayo, umlawuli ubhala ikhowudi yokuxilonga kwaye angalumkisa ulawulo lweziko ngeModbus okanye i-BACnet interface yayo—ngaphambi kokuba imoto yonakale kakhulu.Olu buchule bokulungisa izinto kwangaphambili yingakho uninzi lwabaqhubi bezakhiwo bechaza iiyunithi zolawulo ezikrelekrele nokuba kufakelwe ucango olunye: iprimiyamu yexabiso incinci, kodwa ukuncipha kweefowuni zeenkonzo zongxamiseko kukhulu.

Ukuvumelanisa iingcango ezininzi: Ulandelelwano lokuvula oluququzelelweyo lobunjineli

Ukusebenza kweengcango ezininzi ngendlela edibeneyo yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo ezikhoyo kwiinkqubo zokulawula iingcango ezisekelwe kwi-microprocessor, kodwa ayichazwanga kakuhle kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokwakha zorhwebo. Ndibone abaphathi beeprojekthi zokwakha bephatha ucango ngalunye njengeyunithi ezimeleyo, kodwa emva kokufakelwa bafumanisa ukuba ukuvulwa okungalawulwayo ngaxeshanye kwikhorido kudala ukuhamba kwabantu abahamba ngeenyawo okuphazamisayo.

Ingxaki Yokuvumelanisa: Kutheni Ukuvula Ngaxeshanye Kungaphumeleli

Cinga ngepaseji eqhelekileyo yesikhululo seenqwelo-moya eneminyango emine etyibilikayo evuleke ngokulinganayo kumgama weemitha ezingama-30. Ukuba zonke iingcango ezine zivuleka ngaxeshanye xa umntu ohamba ngenyawo esondela kwenye yazo, ipaseji ifumana ukungalingani koxinzelelo lomoya okufutshane kodwa okukhulu, okubangela ukuba umoya uvuthe, ukugquma kocango, kunye nenkunkuma yamandla evela ekuphumeni komoya opholileyo. Ngokwembono yomntu ohamba ngenyawo, ukuvulwa ngaxeshanye kwiingcango ezininzi kudala ukudideka kokubona kwaye kwandisa umthwalo wokuqonda wokucwangcisa indlela.

Ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo ezidibeneyo ezineengcango ezininzi zisebenzisa unxibelelwano lwebhasi oluhlukeneyo lwe-RS-485, isilawuli esikhulu esinye sinokukhupha imiyalelo evulekileyo ehambelanayo kuzo zonke iiyunithi zesigqila ngokuchaneka kwexesha okungcono kune-10 milliseconds.Oku kuchaneka kubalulekile ekudaleni umbono wentshukumo yendalo, ehamba ngeenyawo kunokuba kube yindlela yokuchonga ucango olusebenzisa umatshini.

Ulandelelwano Lokuvula Nokuvala Olungacwangciswanga

Uyilo lwe-master-slave luvumela inkqubo ukuba isebenzise ulandelelwano lokuvula oludibeneyo. Xa umntu ohamba ngeenyawo evula uMnyango 1, inkqubo iqala i-cascade: Umnyango 1 uvula ngoko nangoko, uMnyango 2 uvula emva kokulibaziseka kwe-0.8-seconds, uMnyango 3 uvula emva kokulibaziseka kwe-1.6-seconds, kwaye uMnyango 4 uvula emva kokulibaziseka kwe-2.4-seconds. Ulandelelwano lokuvala luguqula le patheni.Ngenxa yokuba isantya sokuhamba ngeenyawo singumyinge we-1.2-1.4 m/s kwiindawo ezikwiindlela, le ndlela idibeneyo idala isiphumo "sebhanti lokuhambisa" esigcina ukuhamba kwezithuthi kuhamba kakuhle ngaphandle kokuhlanganisana.

Siqalise olu landelelwano oluchanekileyo kwiprojekthi yevenkile enkulu eHangzhou ngo-2022, apho umthengi wayeneengcango ezili-12 ezizitshixayo ezizenzekelayo kwipaseji enkulu yeemitha ezingama-200. Uhlalutyo lokuhamba kwezithuthi emva kokufakelwa luboniseUkuncipha kwama-37% kwixesha lokulinda eliqhelekileyo lokuwela abahambi ngeenyawokunyeUkunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-22%kubangelwa kukuncipha kwexesha lokuvula iingcango ngaxeshanye. Uhlolo lwamandla lwe-HVAC lwesakhiwo luqinisekisile ukonga konyaka malunga ne-RMB 47,000.

Ukuziphatha Okukhuselekileyo Kwinethiwekhi Ezininzi

Enye yeemfuno ezibalulekileyo zobunjineli kwi-multi-door synchronization kukuziphatha okukhuselekileyo. Ukuba i-master controller ilahlekelwa lunxibelelwano neyunithi ye-slave, i-slave kufuneka ibuyele kwi-standalone operation ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko.Ngenxa yokuba ucango ngalunye olukwinethiwekhi ehambelanayo lugcina isekethe yalo yenzwa yokhuseleko ezimeleyo, impazamo yonxibelelwano nenkosi ayikhubazi imisebenzi yokufumanisa izithintelo okanye yokubuyela umva kwengxaki yekhoboka.Lo mgaqo woyilo—ukuzimela kwendawo kunye nokulungelelaniswa okuhlangeneyo—ubalulekile kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko kwizibhedlele, iindlela zokubaleka emlilweni, kunye neendawo zokungena ezifikelelekayo ezihambelana ne-ADA.

Ukuthotyelwa kweMigangatho yoKhuseleko: Oko Abaqhubi beZakhiwo Abafanele Bakwazi

Ukhuseleko lweminyango oluzenzekelayo lulawulwa ziinkampani ezininzi zemigangatho ehambelanayo, kwaye ukungathobeli imithetho kubeka uxanduva olukhulu. Makhe ndichaze imigangatho ephambili elawula iiyunithi zolawulo lweminyango oluzenzekelayo kwiimarike ezinkulu.

EN 16005 (iManyano yaseYurophu)

IUmgangatho we-EN 16005, eyaphuhliswa yiKomiti yaseYurophu yoKumisa umgangatho (i-CEN), ichaza iimfuno zokhuseleko kwiingcango kunye namasango abahambi ngeenyawo asebenza ngombane. Kwiiyunithi zolawulo, i-EN 16005 iyalela ukuba:

• Ukufunyanwa kwezithintelo kufuneka kubangele ukubuyela umva ngokupheleleyo (ubuncinci ukuhamba kwephaneli yomnyango eyi-50mm) kwimizuzwana eyi-0.5 emva kokudibana
• Izinzwa zobukho kufuneka zisebenze ngalo lonke ixesha ucango luhamba—akukho ndlela zexesha “zokuseta nokulibala” ezikhubaza izinzwa zokhuseleko ngexesha elithile.
• Ukusebenza kokumisa ucango ngexesha likaxakeka kufuneka kumise ngoko nangoko ukuhamba kocango kwaye kuthintele ukuqalisa kwakhona ngokuzenzekelayo de kuphinde kusetyenziswe ngesandla.
• Iiyunithi zolawulo kufuneka zibhale phantsi iimeko zempazamo ukuze kuhlolwe ukugcinwa kwazo, ubuncinane ixesha lokugcina iingobozi lithatha iintsuku ezingama-30.

UL 325 (eMelika naseKhanada)

IUmgangatho we-UL 325evela kwi-Underwriters Laboratories ilawula ukhuseleko lweenkqubo zeengcango ezizenzekelayo zorhwebo nezemizi-mveliso eMntla Melika. Umgangatho wahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezintathu zabasebenzi beengcango/iingcango, kunye neemfuno ezithile zomntu ngamnye.Ngenxa yokuba i-UL 325 ifuna ukuba iiyunithi zolawulo lweengcango ezizenzekelayo zivavanywe kwaye zifakwe kuluhlu lomntu wesithathu, abaqhubi bezakhiwo kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iyunithi yabo yolawulo inophawu lwe-UL olusebenzayo ngaphambi kokufakwa.Oku akusiyomfuneko nje yamaphepha—iyunithi yolawulo engadweliswanga inokwenza ukuba umshuwalense wesakhiwo ungafumaneki.

Ukuhlanganiswa neeNkqubo zokuZenzekela zeZakhiwo

Iiyunithi zolawulo lweengcango ezizenzekelayo zanamhlanje zinxibelelana neenkqubo ze-automation zokwakha (BAS) ngokusebenzisa iiprotokholi ezisemgangathweni eziquka iModbus RTU (RS-485), i-BACnet/IP, kunye nee-API ezisekelwe kwi-TCP/IP. Olu dibaniso luvumela abaphathi bezakhiwo ukuba bajonge zonke iingcango kwisakhiwo besuka kwideshibhodi enye, bafumane izilumkiso zempazamo ngexesha langempela, kwaye basebenzise iishedyuli zokufikelela ezisekelwe kwixesha.Ngenxa yokuba iModbus RTU yinkqubo evuthiweyo nebhalwe phantsi eneminyaka emininzi yokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso, ihlala iyeyona ndlela yokudibanisa exhaswa kakhulu kuzo zombini iinkqubo ze-BAS ezindala nezintsha.Xa ndicacisa iiyunithi zolawulo zeprojekthi yokudibanisa i-BAS, ndihlala ndiqinisekisa inkxaso yeprotocol kunye nomenzi wolawulo lwecango kunye nomthengisi we-BAS—iimephu zerejista ezingahambelaniyo zezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli kokudibanisa.

Ukukhetha iYunithi yoLawulo lweMinyango eZenzekelayo eyiyo: Isakhelo seSigqibo esiSebenzayo

Emva kokulawula imibuzo emininzi yeprojekthi yeenkqubo zomnyango ezizenzekelayo kwiindawo zorhwebo, zikawonke-wonke, kunye nezakhiwo zoshishino, ndenze isakhelo esisebenzayo sokwenza izigqibo esinceda amaqela okuthenga iiprojekthi ukuba akhethe iyunithi yolawulo efanelekileyo yesicelo sabo esithile.

Uvavanyo lomthamo weTrafikhi

Eyona khrayitheriya yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo yenkcazo kukulindeleke ukuba kubekho umthamo wendlela ohamba ngayo yonke imihla. Usetyenziso olunendlela esezantsi (ngaphantsi kwemijikelo engama-500 ngosuku) lunokusebenza rhoqo ngabalawuli abasisiseko abasebenzisa ixesha, kodwa ndicebisa ngokubanzi iiyunithi ezisebenzisa i-microprocessor nokuba kufakelwe izinto ezincinci kuba iprimiyamu yexabiso incinci kwaye ukuphuculwa kokuthembeka kukhulu.Kwizixhobo ezisebenzisa i-medium traffic (ii-cycles ezingama-500-2,000 ngosuku), i-microprocessor controller ene-self-learning adaptive logic iyimfuneko ngokufanelekileyo.—utshintsho lwendlela edlula ngayo izithuthi ngexesha lexesha elixakekileyo nelingekho ngexesha elixakekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iinkqubo ze-fixed-logic zingakwazi ukusingatha kakuhle.

Ufakelo olunezithuthi ezininzi (ngaphezulu kwemijikelo engama-2,000 ngosuku) olufana nezikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, iipaseji ezinkulu zezibhedlele, kunye neengcango zeevenkile ezinkulu zifuna abalawuli abasebenzisa i-microprocessor abanokukwazi ukuvumelanisa iingcango ezininzi. Ukonga amandla kuphela kokulungiswa kwexesha lokubamba ixesha kuya kubuyisa iprimiyamu yeendleko kwiinyanga ezili-18-24.

Iimeko zeNdalo

Iimeko zendalo kwindawo yokufakela zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhethwa kwesilawuli kunye nemoto. Iindawo ezishushu kakhulu (−20°C ukuya ku-+50°C) zifuna ulawulo oluphuculweyo lobushushu bemoto kunye ne-algorithms ezihambelana nemozulu ebandayo. Iindawo ezikunxweme olunetyuwa eninzi zifuna iindawo ezivalekileyo zemoto kunye neeyunithi zolawulo ezilinganiswe kukhuseleko lokungena lwe-IP54 ubuncinci. Iindawo zoshishino ezinongcoliseko lwamasuntswana zifuna iishedyuli zokucoca iisensor eziphuculweyo kunye nokuphuculwa kwesensor ye-infrared-sensor-to-camera ukunciphisa amazinga obuxoki.

Iimfuneko zoHlanganiso

Ukuba inkqubo yomnyango kufuneka idibane ne-BAS ekhoyo, inkxaso yeprotocol yokudibanisa iba yikhrayitheriya yokukhetha ephambili—enokuthi igqithe ezinye iinkcukacha. Ndisoloko ndibuza amaqela okuthenga iiprojekthi imibuzo emithathu ngaphambi kokuba ndicebise iyunithi yolawulo: (1) Yeyiphi inkqubo exhaswa yi-BAS ekhoyo? (2) Ngaba umthengisi we-BAS ubonelela ngamaxwebhu asemthethweni okudibanisa abalawuli beengcango bomntu wesithathu? (3) Ngaba iqela lolawulo lwezakhiwo likulungele ukugcina nokusombulula ingxaki yokudibanisa ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo iminyaka eli-15-20?

Iindlela ezilungileyo zoLondolozo lweeNkqubo zoLawulo lweeMicango zeMicroprocessor

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeenkqubo zolawulo lweminyango ezisekelwe kwi-microprocessor kukuba zivelisa idatha yokuxilonga evumela ukugcinwa okusekelwe kwiimeko endaweni yokugcinwa okusekelwe kwikhalenda. Olu tshintsho ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni okusebenzayo ukuya ekugcinweni kwangaphambili luguqula indlela abaqhubi bezakhiwo abalawula ngayo iinkqubo zeminyango ngobukhulu.

Imigaqo yoLondolozo lweKota

Yonke imihla engama-90, ingcali eqeqeshiweyo kufuneka yenze olu hlolo lulandelayo: ukuqinisekiswa kokulinganiswa kwendawo yokujonga (kusetyenziswa iphaneli yovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zokufumanisa ziyahambelana neenkcukacha zomenzi), ukuhlolwa konxibelelwano loomatshini (ukujonga uxinzelelo lwebhanti, ukulungelelaniswa kwepulley, kunye nokuguguleka kwetyathanga), ukuqinisekiswa kwe-torqe yoqhagamshelo lombane (ukuqinisekisa ukuba izikrufu ze-terminal block zihlala zikhuselekile), kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwenguqulelo ye-firmware (ukujonga uhlaziyo olufumanekayo kumenzi).Ngenxa yokuba iyunithi yolawulo lwe-microprocessor igcina irekhodi yokubala imijikelo, ingcali inokuqinisekisa ukuba inani lokwenyani lomjikelo lihambelana namaxabiso alindelekileyo eshedyuli yolondolozo—ukuba imijikelo iphezulu kakhulu okanye iphantsi kunokuba bekulindelwe, inokubonisa ukushukuma kokulinganisa inzwa okanye impazamo yenkqubo yokulawula ukufikelela.

Uhlolo lwezeMpilo lweNkqubo loNyaka

Kanye ngonyaka, ndicebisa uphononongo olupheleleyo lwempilo yenkqubo oluquka usetyenziso lohlaziyo lwe-firmware (uhlaziyo lomenzi ludla ngokuquka ukuphuculwa kwe-algorithm yokhuseleko kunye neeparamitha ezintsha zokufunda ngokwakho), ukuqinisekiswa kwesiseko sokutsalwa kwamandla emoto (ukuthelekisa nedatha yokuqala yokuqalisa ukufumanisa ukuwohloka kokujikeleza), kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwexesha leminyango emininzi okuvumelanisiweyo (ukusebenzisa i-oscilloscope okanye i-logic analyzer ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha leminyango ephakathi lihlala ngaphakathi kwe-±10ms specification). Olu phononongo lonyaka ludla ngokuthatha iiyure ezi-2-3 ngomnyango ngamnye kwaye lubiza malunga ne-RMB 800-1,200 ngomnyango ngamnye—inshurensi encinci ngokuchasene neendleko eziphezulu kakhulu zeefowuni zeenkonzo zongxamiseko kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga.

Ubuchwepheshe beMoto ye-Why24V Brushless DC butshintsha yonke into

Utshintsho oluvela kwiimoto ezixutywe yi-AC ukuya kwiimoto ze-24V BLDC kwiinkqubo zomnyango ozenzekelayo lubonisa olunye lotshintsho olukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kwishishini leminyango kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Makhe ndichaze ukuba kutheni oku kubalulekile kumsebenzi wesakhiwo sakho kunye nomthwalo wokugcinwa kwaso.

Iimoto ze-AC zemveli ezazisetyenziswa kubasebenzi bokuqala beengcango ezizenzekelayo zaguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla oomatshini ngokusebenzisa indibano yebrashi ye-commutator.Ngenxa yokuba iibhrashi zazihlala zinxibelelana ne-commutator, zazisoloko zigugile, zivelisa uthuli lwekhabhoni, zidala umngcipheko womlilo kwiindawo ezinothuli, kwaye zinciphisa ubomi bokusebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-5,000-8,000 ngaphambi kokuba kufuneke kutshintshwe ibhrashi.Kwiindawo zorhwebo ezinabantu abaninzi, oku kuthetha ukugcinwa kweemoto rhoqo ngonyaka okanye kabini ngonyaka—indleko enkulu eqhubekayo.

Imoto ye-24V BLDC isusa ukungqubana kwebrashi ngokupheleleyo ngokutshintsha kwe-elektroniki. Imodyuli ye-elektroniki yamandla yeyunithi yokulawula (ibhulorho ye-inverter enamanqanaba amathathu) inika amandla ii-windings zemoto ngokulandelelana okufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimpendulo yesenzi sendawo yeHall-effect.Ngenxa yokuba iindawo ezinxitywayo kuphela kwi-BLDC motor ziibheringi, ubomi bemoto bufikelela kwiiyure zokusebenza ezingama-20,000-30,000 phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo—uphuculo oluphindwe kathathu ukuya kane kunee-AC motors ezibrashiweyo.Xa idibene nomlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla ongama-85-92% (xa kuthelekiswa nama-65-75% kwiimoto ezixutywe ne-AC), iindleko zizonke zobunini kwixesha leminyaka eli-15 zithandwa kakhulu ziinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-BLDC.

Uphononongo lweSimo seProjekthi yokwenyani: Inethiwekhi yoMnyango weKhorido ye-ICU yeSibhedlele

Ngowama-2023, sanikezela ngenethiwekhi yeengcango ezi-8 ezihambelanayo kwisibhedlele esitsha eNingbo esebenza njengomzekelo ofundisayo wolawulo lweengcango ze-microprocessor kwisicelo esibalulekileyo sokhuseleko. Ikhorido ye-ICU yesibhedlele idibanisa amagumbi amane okuzahlula kunye namacandelo amabini eewadi ngokubanzi—indawo ebaluleke kakhulu apho ukusebenza kocango kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lwesigulana kunye neenkqubo zolawulo losulelo.

Inkcazo yeprojekthi yayifuna ukuba zonke iingcango ezisibhozo zisebenze ngendlela edibeneyo ngexesha lemisebenzi eqhelekileyo kodwa zivumele ulawulo oluzimeleyo ngexesha leemeko zongxamiseko (ikhowudi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhutshwa komlilo). Iiyunithi zethu zolawulo ze-YF150 ezine-firmware yokuvumelanisa iingcango ezininzi zanelisa zombini iimfuno: i-master controller iququzelele uthotho lokuvula oludibeneyo ngexesha lezithuthi eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa iphaneli yolawulo yendawo yomnyango ngamnye ivumela ukutshintshwa okuzimeleyo ngokusebenzisa igalelo longxamiseko elizinikeleyo.Ngenxa yokuba i-BAS yesibhedlele yayifuna ukuhlanganiswa kwe-BACnet/IP, silungiselele imephu yezinto ze-BACnet yeyunithi nganye yolawulo ukuze iveze imeko yomnyango, inani leebhayisekile, ikhowudi yempazamo, kunye nemeko yongxamiseko yokutshintsha.—okuvumela umqhubi wesikhululo sabahlengikazi ukuba ajonge zonke iingcango ezisibhozo ukusuka kwi-interface enye yemizobo.

Emva kweenyanga ezili-14 zokusebenza, iqela lezibonelelo zesibhedlele libike ukuba akukho zifowuni zeenkonzo ezingxamisekileyo ezinxulumene nenethiwekhi yeminyango, inani eliphakathi leengcango ezingama-340 ngosuku kwiingcango ezisibhozo, kunye namanqaku okwaneliseka kwesigulana angama-4.7/5.0 ekufikeleleni kwindlela. Le projekthi ibonisa ukuba iinkqubo zengcango ezilawulwa yi-microprocessor, xa zichazwe kakuhle kwaye zisebenza, zibonelela ngamanqanaba okuthembeka afanelekileyo kwiindawo zorhwebo ezifuna kakhulu.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuziphepha

Kwiminyaka yam yokuxhasa ukuthengwa kweeprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe kwiinkqubo zomnyango ozenzekelayo, ndidwelise uluhlu lweempazamo eziphindaphindayo zeenkcukacha ezikhokelela ekufakweni okungasebenzi kakuhle, ukugqithiswa kwebhajethi, okanye ukungaphumeleli kokuthobela imithetho yokhuseleko.

Impazamo 1: Ukukhetha iiYunithi zoLawulo ezisekelwe kuMandla eMoto endaweni yoYilo loLawulo

Amaqela okuthenga iiprojekthi ahlala egxila kumanqanaba amandla eemoto (umz., “imoto eyi-500W”) njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokukhetha. Le ndlela ayichanekanga ngokupheleleyo.Ngenxa yokuba amandla okucubungula eyunithi yokulawula, ubuchule be-algorithm yokuzifundela, kunye nemisebenzi yokubeka esweni ukhuseleko zimisela ukusebenza kwenkqubo ixesha elide, ezi mpawu ziqhutywa yisoftware zibaluleke kakhulu kuneenkcukacha zamandla aluhlaza emoto.Imoto ye-A250W BLDC eqhutywa ngumlawuli we-microprocessor okrelekrele iya kugqwesa imoto ye-750W AC eqhutywa ngumlawuli wexesha osisiseko kuyo yonke imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo: ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, amava omsebenzisi, umthwalo wolondolozo, kunye nokuthobela ukhuseleko.

Impazamo yesi-2: Izinzwa zoKhuseleko ezingachazwanga kakuhle kwiindlela zokungena ezinabantu abaninzi

Izinzwa ezisisiseko ze-infrared motion zibona ubukho kwindawo ethile yokujonga, kodwa azikwazi ukwahlula phakathi komntu omi kwindawo ye-sensor (oko kuthetha ukuba ucango kufuneka luhlale luvuliwe) kunye nomntu ohamba ngeenyawo odlulayo umzimba wakhe uphazamise umqadi okwethutyana (oko kuthetha ukuba ucango kufuneka luvale).Kwiindawo zokungena ezinabantu abaninzi apho ukuhamba kwabahambi ngeenyawo kuphantse kuqhubeke, i-sensor edibeneyo—intshukumo ye-infrared kunye ne-microwave radar—ibonelela ngokuchongwa kweendlela ezimbini ezifunekayo ukuthintela ukuhamba ngeenyawo komnyango okubangela ingxaki ngelixa igcina ukhuseleko olupheleleyo.Ukunciphisa umgangatho we-sensor ukuze wonge i-RMB 200-400 ngocango kukunganyaniseki okubonakala njengezikhalazo zabathengi rhoqo kunye nokuwohloka okukhawulezileyo koomatshini.

Impazamo 3: Ukungayinaki iNxibelelwano yeeNcango ezininzi kwiZicelo zeNdlela

Ukucacisa abalawuli beengcango abazimeleyo kwisicelo sekhorido kuba "ucango ngalunye lukwisekethe yalo" akunaki iingenelo zolawulo lokuhamba kwabahambi ngeenyawo zokusebenza okudibeneyo. Kwanekhorido elula eneminyango emibini ixhamla kwintsebenziswano yenkosi kunye nekhoboka: xa uCango A luvuleka, uCango B lunokugcina imeko yalo yangoku okwethutyana ngaphambi kokuba lukhwele ibhayisekile, luthintele ukungalingani koxinzelelo lwekhorido okubangela ukuba iidrafti kunye nokugquma kocango.Ngenxa yokuba iindleko ezingaphantsi zokongeza i-master controller kwi-installment yeengcango ezimbini zihlala ziyi-8-12% kuphela yeendleko zenkqubo yomnyango iyonke, amava abahambi ngeenyawo kunye nokuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kubonelela ngamaxesha okubuyisela imali ngaphantsi kweminyaka emibini.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Iyunithi yolawulo lomnyango esekwe kwi-microprocessor iphumelela njani ekuzifundeleni?

Iyunithi yolawulo lomnyango esekelwe kwi-microprocessor ifikelela ekufundeni ngokwayo ngokuhlala ijonga iipatheni zendlela yomnyango—ukuvula rhoqo, iiyure ezikhawulezayo, kunye namazinga okudibana nezithintelo—kunye nokulungisa ii-motor torque curves, ii-acceleration ramps, kunye nemigama yokuqhobosha ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuphinda ucwangciswe ngesandla. Inkqubo isebenzisa i-algorithm ye-exponential weighted moving average ebeka phambili idatha yamva nje, eyivumela ukuba ivumelane ngokukhawuleza notshintsho lwendlela yomgwaqo ngexesha lonyaka ngelixa igcina iiparameter ezizinzileyo zesiseko sexesha elide.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi komnyango olawulwa yi-microprocessor kunye nomsebenzisi womnyango osisiseko osebenzisa ixesha?

Umsebenzisi womnyango osebenzisa isibali-xesha ulandela iishedyuli ezimiselweyo ezimiselweyo, ngelixa iyunithi elawulwa yi-microprocessor iphendula ngokuguquguqukayo kwidatha yesenzi yexesha langempela, ihlengahlengisa umthamo wokuhamba kweenyawo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye neendlela zokuziphatha komsebenzisi. Iinkqubo ezisebenzisa isibali-xesha azinakwahlula phakathi kwexesha elixakekileyo elifuna ixesha elide lokubamba kunye nexesha elizolileyo apho ukugcinwa kwamandla kuyeyona nto iphambili; iiyunithi ze-microprocessor zinokwenza olu mahluko ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusekelwe kwiiprofayili zendlela ezifundiweyo.

Zingaphi iingcango ezinokudityaniswa yi-microprocessor door controller enye?

Uninzi lwee-microprocessor door controllers ze-commerce zixhasa ukusebenza okudibeneyo kweengcango ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-8 ngaxeshanye, zisebenzisa ii-RS-485 okanye ii-CAN bus communication protocols ukugcina ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwexesha kuzo zonke iiyunithi eziqhagamshelweyo. Iinkqubo ezineengcango ezingaphezu kwezi-8 zihlala zifuna uyilo oluhambelanayo kunye nee-master controllers ezininzi ezibika kumlawuli olawulayo wesakhiwo.

Yeyiphi imigangatho yokhuseleko elawula iiyunithi zokulawula iingcango ezizenzekelayo kwizakhiwo zorhwebo?

Iiyunithi zokulawula iingcango ezizenzekelayo kwizakhiwo zorhwebo mazithobeleEN 16005kwiManyano yaseYurophu,UL 325eMelika naseKhanada, kunye ne-GB 51696 eTshayina. Le migangatho iyalela ukuchongwa kwemiqobo, ukusebenza okungxamisekileyo, ukuziphatha okukhuselekileyo, kunye neemfuno zokubhala uxilongo. Ukuthobela imithetho akunyanzelekanga—ukufakelwa okungaqinisekiswanga kunokwenza ukuba i-inshurensi yesakhiwo ingafumaneki kwaye kudale ubungozi obukhulu.

Kutheni iteknoloji yemoto ye-DC engenamabhrashi engama-24V ibalulekile kulawulo locango oluzenzekelayo?

Imoto ye-DC engenamabhrashi engama-24V inika amandla okusebenza kakuhle (ngesiqhelo i-85-92%), ubomi benkonzo obude (iiyure zokusebenza ezingaphezu kwama-20,000), kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu okuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neemoto ze-AC zemveli, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwiingcango zorhwebo. I-voltage ephantsi ikwaphucula ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bokulungisa abanokufuna ukufikelela kwigumbi lemoto ngexesha lokulungisa.

Luluphi ulondolozo olufunekayo kwiiyunithi zokulawula iingcango ezizenzekelayo ezicwangciswe yi-microprocessor?

Iiyunithi zolawulo lweminyango ezizenzekelayo ezicwangciswe yi-microprocessor zifuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngekota kokulinganiswa kwe-sensor, ukuhlolwa kabini ngonyaka konxibelelwano lwe-mechanical kunye noxinzelelo lwebhanti, kunye nohlaziyo lwe-firmware lonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-algorithms zokuzifundela zihlala zilungisiwe. Uluhlu lokuxilonga olwakhelwe ngaphakathi lweyunithi yolawulo luvumela iingcali ukuba zichonge imiba ekhulayo ngaphambi kokuba ibangele ukusilela kwenkqubo, nto leyo evumela ukutshintsha ukusuka ekuvuseleleni ukuya ekulungiseni kwangaphambili.

Ngaba abalawuli beengcango ze-microprocessor banokudibana neenkqubo ze-automation zokwakha (BAS)?

Ewe, abalawuli beengcango ze-microprocessor zanamhlanje baxhasa iiprotokholi zokudibanisa zeModbus RTU, BACnet, kunye neTCP/IP, okuvumela unxibelelwano olungenamthungo neenkqubo ze-automation zokwakha ukuze kubekwe esweni okuphakathi, imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo, kunye nemisebenzi yokuvalelwa ngexesha likaxakeka. Xa ucacisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-BAS, soloko uqinisekisa inkxaso yeprotokholi kwaye ubhalise amaxwebhu emephu kumenzi wolawulo lweengcango kunye nomthengisi we-BAS ngaphambi kokuba ugqibezele iinkcukacha.

Isiphelo: Umnyango Okrelekrele nguMgangatho oQhelekileyo ngoku

Utshintsho ukusuka kwiiyunithi zolawulo lweengcango ezizenzekelayo ezisekelwe kwi-timer ukuya kwi-microprocessor-programmed control units alulophuculo olukumgangatho ophezulu—lutshintsho oluqhelekileyo lweshishini abaqhubi bezakhiwo abangenakukwazi ukululibazisa.Ngenxa yokuba i-self-learning adjustable logic inciphisa ngokuthe ngqo inkunkuma yamandla, inciphisa ukuguguleka koomatshini, ithintela iziganeko zokhuseleko, kwaye ivelisa idatha yolondolozo oluqikelelweyo, ixabiso lilonke lomahluko wobunini phakathi kweeyunithi zolawulo ezikrelekrele nezisisiseko liye laba lilungele ngokupheleleyo iinkqubo ezikrelekrele.

Nokuba uchaza iingcango zesakhiwo esitsha sezorhwebo, nokuba uvavanya indlela yokuphucula ukufakwa kweengcango ezindala, utyalo-mali kwitekhnoloji yokulawula esekelwe kwi-microprocessor luqinisekiswa kukusebenza, ukhuseleko, kunye neenzuzo zokugcinwa ezizizisayo kulo lonke ixesha lokusebenza kokufakelwa.

AtNingbo Yufan Beifan Automatic Door Co., Ltd., sigxile ekuveliseni iiyunithi zokulawula iingcango ezizenzekelayo kunye neemoto ze-DC ezingenamabhrashi ezingama-24V ezisetyenziselwa usetyenziso lwezorhwebo, loluntu, kunye nolwemizi-mveliso kwihlabathi liphela. Iqela lethu lobunjineli lixhasa abasasazi kunye nabathengi bokuthengwa kweeprojekthi ngeenkcukacha zobugcisa, amaxwebhu okudibanisa, kunye nezisombululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ze-OEM/ODM.Ukuba uneprojekthi efuna iiyunithi zokulawula iingcango ezikrelekrele ezikwaziyo ukuzifundela kunye nokukwazi ukuvumelanisa iingcango ezininzi, qhagamshelana nathi—sihlala siphendula kwii-imeyile zemibuzo yamazwe ngamazwe kwiiyure ezingama-24.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noluhlu lweemveliso zethu, ndwendwela i-ikhathalogu yeemveliso zocango oluzenzekelayookanye uhloleUthotho lomqhubi wocango olutyibilikayo lwe-YF150 oluzenzekelayokwiinkcukacha zobugcisa ezithile.